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REDWOODS

Transcript: REDWOODS Redwood Trees also known as Sequoia trees are the largest living trees in existence. In a remote part of Redwood national park lives Hyperion, the tallest tree in the world. It's current height is no less than 379.1 ft tall. Besides their height, Redwoods are incredibly thick, their trunks ranging anywhere from eight feet to twenty feet in diameter. Depending on the amount of fluid they intake, Redwoods can grow two or three feet annually thus making them one of the fastest growing organisms in existence. There's no such things as secrets between Redwoods. Their roots are shallow, but their all intertwined with each other making them one giant organism. Due to their intertwined roots, Redwood Trees sometimes end up growing and living in a circle which is can sometimes be referred to as a Fairy Ring. Redwood Trees have been a part of this planet for over 240 million years. All Redwoods have the ability to live to at least 2,000 years old. However, during the Gold Rush, a lot of these trees were cut down. Because of this, most of the redwoods we see today are somewhere between 50-150 years old. Because of their ridiculously long lifespan redwood trees are recognized as one of the longest living organisms in the world. At least 40% of a Redwood's fluid intake comes from fog PICTURE TIME Breyer, Melissa. “11 Facts about Coast Redwoods, the Tallest Trees in the World.”TreeHugger, Treehugger, 12 Sept. 2017, www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/11-facts-about-coast-redwoods-worlds-tallest-trees.html. Heimbuch, Jaymi. “5 Fascinating Facts about Redwood Trees.” MNN - Mother Nature Network, Mother Nature Network, 31 May 2017, www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/blogs/5-fascinating-facts-about-redwood-trees. Szalay, Jessie. “Giant Sequoias and Redwoods: The Largest and Tallest Trees.” LiveScience, 4 May 2017, www.livescience.com/39461-sequoias-redwood-trees.html. Staff, Sempervirens Fund. “Article.” Ten Amazing Facts About Redwoods, Hilltromper, 2013, hilltromper.com/article/ten-amazing-facts-about-redwoods. Works Cited

REDWOODS

Transcript: Vocab List Anthropogenic changes Madej, M.A. 2010 "Redwoods, restoration, and implications for carbon budgets" Geomorphology 116: 264-273 FUEL LOADING CARBON Sequoia sempervirens Aaron Hogan Ambientes Terrestres October 15, 2013 DISCUSSION interaction between terrestrial and aquatic freshwater habitats ENDANGERED (EN) 80% of old growth forest harvested several carbon pools in the forest (trees, understory, forest floor, coarse wood debris, soil) Madej, M.A. 2010 "Redwoods, restoration, and implocations for carbon budgets" Geomorphology 116: 264-273 Small river with steep terrain in North America 1995 EEL RIVER - discharged 2.35 e5 Mg C to the ocean in a single flood event (27 Mg/ km^2) Large-scale tractor logging operations Windfall is an important component of in-channel wood loading in redwood basins HIGH WINDS- killing individuals or small clumps of trees (exposes soil) LANDSLIDES- provide sediment and wood to California's rivers. Carbon RESULTS 1978 throughout early and mid 1900's Redwoods National Park interactions between vegetation and geomorphic processes have implications for carbon budgets erosion and sediment dispersal. Anthropogenic sources can release carbon "The fate of trees that enter streams and rivers from mass movements depends on the size and steepness of the channel" 1997 Aerial Photographs Farjon, A. & Schmid, R. 2013. Sequoia sempervirens. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 October 2013. THE GREAT REDWOODS CONCLUSIONS Restoration efforts extensive road networks caused massive ersosion and landslide events Road removal to decrease erosion quantified in- channel wood loading capacities of tributaries of the Redwood Creek based on previous literature. ~10 % of pre-settlement distribution currently 7% of Land cover in Redwood Creek basin was roads IUCN status Timber Harvest and Road Construction increases landslide frequency shade tolerand long- lived tree that can live up to 2200 yrs. thick, fibrous, fire- resistant bark widespread lateral root system with no taproot decay resistant - good lumber ability to resprout from basal burls greater than 100 m tall trunk volumes 700-1000 sq. m Comprise some of the largest stocks of biomass in the world (~3500 Mg. / Ha) REFERENCES LOGGED EXTENSIVELY SOILS: METHODS: First and second order streams lack the power to mobilize large organic debris vs Wood is mobilized further downstream. Wood loads are slightly higher in steeper areas also affects hydrology - resulting in the loss of root strength, erosion and higher soil moisture Fuel Loads In-channel wood loading sediment yield vs.sediment storage channel morphology topography geomorphic processes carbon budget More History Long-term land-cover change Long-term effects on wood loading and carbon- nutrient dynamics. Fire Climate Change Lumber harvest; carbon sink -> carbon source CARBON BUDGET California - Washington Multi-faceted nature of the carbon budget Pacific Northwest In- channel wood loading In 1968, the lower Redwood Creek was channelized with control levees to limit carbon export to the ocean hummocky topography mass movements wood loading in streams leads to the occurence of debris flows Redwood boles and rootwads provide aquatic stream habitats by affecting sediment storage capabilities and channel morphologies. Landslides- strip vegetation and deliver carbon directly to the drainage network (very efficient export of carbon) Redwoods National Park (RNP) some basin exceed 20% ground disturbance, greatly increases sediment production tallied in-channel wood for numerous watersheds in the study area. REDWOODS

Redwoods Presentation

Transcript: The Redwood Forest https://www.britannica.com/animal/cricket-insect https://www.fs.fed.us/visit/know-before-you-go/mountain-lions Steller's Jay Gray Fox http://www.sonic.net/~shwand/grasshoppers/grasshoppers.htm Sambucus cerulea Eptesicus fuscus Banana Slug Tamiasciurus douglasii Wood Boring Beetle Lace lichen (Ramalina menziesii) http://wildlifeofct.com/common%20raccoon.html http://naturemappingfoundation.org/natmap/facts/douglas_squirrel_712.html Puma concolor Northern Spotted Owl Ariolimax https://www.amazon.com/Blue-Elderberry-Seeds-Sambucus-caerulea/dp/B06ZZ58T33 Northern Flying Squirel Methuselah’s Beard (Usnea longissima) https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/gray-fox https://www.rentokil.co.za/blog/woodworms-the-wood-boring-beetles/ https://fineartamerica.com/featured/bobcat-in-forest-teri-virbickis.html Redwood Sorrel Big Brow Bat Pin lichen (Calicium abietinum) California Hazel https://sempervirens.org/discover-redwoods/redwoods-wildlife/banana-slugs/ Bubo virginianus http://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AMACC04010 Works Cited "Blue Elderberry Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea." Calscape, California Native Plant Society, calscape.org/Sambucus-nigra-ssp.-caerulea-(Blue-Elderberry). Accessed 26 Oct. 2019. "Coniferous Forests." Conserve Energy Future, www.conserve-energy-future.com/coniferous-forest.php. "Ecology of the Coast Redwoods." Ecology Info, www.ecology.info/redwood.htm. Accessed 28 Oct. 2019. Holmes, Russ. "Redwood Sorrel." U.S. Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/oxalis_oregana.shtml. Accessed 26 Oct. 2019. Jensen, Ed. "California Hazel." Common Trees of the Pacific Northwest, Oregon State University, oregonstate.edu/trees/broadleaf_genera/species/cali_hazel_sp.htm. Accessed 26 Oct. 2019. John, Sara. "Abiotic Factors in the Redwood Forest Ecosystem." Hunker, www.hunker.com/13428999/abiotic-factors-in-the-redwood-forest-ecosystem. Accessed 26 Oct. 2019. K, Thomas. "Ariolimax columbianus." Animal Diversity Web, U of Michigan Museum of Zoology, animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ariolimax_columbianus/. Accessed 26 Oct. 2019. "Northern Flying Squirrel." Nature Works, PBS, nhpbs.org/natureworks/northernflyingsquirrel.htm. Accessed 26 Oct. 2019. Nuwer, Rachel. "In Towering Redwoods, an Abundance of Tiny, Unseen Life." New York Times [New York], 19 Apr. 2016, sec. D, p. 3. The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2016/04/19/science/in-towering-redwoods-an-abundance-of-tiny-unseen-life.html. Accessed 26 Oct. 2019. "Redwood Bark Beet." Natural Resources Canada, Canada Government, tidcf.nrcan.gc.ca/en/insects/factsheet/1000139. Accessed 26 Oct. 2019. "Redwoods and Climate." Sempervirons, sempervirens.org/discover-redwoods/redwoods-climate/. Accessed 26 Oct. 2019. Corylus cornuta https://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/780--corylus-cornuta-californica Procyon lotor Lynx rufus Crickets https://www.savetheredwoods.org/blog/wonders/meet-the-treetop-lichen/ Buprestidae Urocyon cinereoargenteus Strix occidentalis caurina Gryllidae Glaucomys sabrinus Tree Hair lichen (Bryoria fremontii) Great Horned Owl Acridomorpha https://leavesofplants.blogspot.com/2012/04/redwood-sorrel.html http://www.birdseyeviewphotography.com.au/blog/?p=2060 Bobcat Racoon Mountain Lion Blue Elderberry https://www.flatheadaudubon.org/bird-of-the-month/great-horned-owl/ https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Stellers_Jay/id Red Beard lichen (Usnea rubicunda) https://kaniksulandtrust.org/2019/09/01/flying-squirrel/ Grasshopper Lichens https://www.pacificforest.org/species/northern-spotted-owl/ Oxalis oregana Douglas Squirel Cyanocitta stelleri

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