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Neuroscience Presentation

Transcript: 18 children (8 male, 10 female) between 6 and 16 years old day care center 10- infantile CP 8- other neurodevelopmental disorders Clinical data GMFCS level handedness IQ level clinical diagnosis brain lesions Inclusion impaired motor function with some movement no piano experience good attention Piano training 30-45 minutes twice a week for 18 months 88-key MIDI controller keyboard exercises: pentatonic scale played with right hand repeated with left hand repeated with both hands Experimental tests of motor function Piano tests Box-and-Block test Hand dynamometer test Statistical analysis Box-and-Block test CP group: 5.1 blocks for nondominant hands 3.4 blocks for dominant hands GRMDC group: 0.94 blocks for nondominant hands -0.17 blocks for dominant hands Hand dynamometer test no significant changes Future improvements for the study: use a homogenous group shorter periods of training Conclusions of the study: interaction of different brain areas manual tasks requiring good hand dexterity are improved more than ones requiring hand force Infantile cerebral palsy (CP) Hand motor impairment corticospinal tract other neurodevelopmental disorders impacts quality of life Rehabilitation improvements in: finger movement accuracy keystroke speed timing accuracy Presented by: Tiffany Mathis Results Piano tests average time interval between consecutive strokes remained unchanged mean deviations decreased repeated-measures model two between-subject factors interaction factor two within-subject factors results: significant effect of session no significant effect of group, age, or interaction group x age similar model no significant effect on mean stroke interval Introduction Piano playing fine motor skills audio-visual information with motor control finger and hand movements brain plasticity Study can learning to play the piano improve finger movement in children with hand motor impairments due to brain injury during development? Reference Results Discussion Piano training in youths with hand motor impairments after damage to the developing brain Introduction Discussion regularity improved between consecutive finger strokes during piano exercises study limitations manual skill development heterogeneous origin low number of participants Methods Methods Lampe, R., Thienel, A., Mitternacht, J., Blumenstein, T., Turova, V., & Alves-Pinto, A. (2015). Piano training in youths with hand motor impairments after damage to the developing brain. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 1929-1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S84090

Neuroscience Presentation

Transcript: Neuroscience Presented by Kierra Rudd Cognitive-Develpmental Cognitive-Developmetal Social interaction activates various neural areas, leading them to become more connected over time Social interaction during learning leads to greater neural activation than learning alone In order for cognitive growth to occur , children should engage in play and social interactions. (Pearson 3.68) Piaget believes children learn through expeirneces. Piaget believes children learn through expeirneces. Research shows when children are social active certain parts of their brain grow and develop. Research shows when children are social active certain parts ... Focuses on how the brain processes language, social interaction and culture. Vygotsky mentions that adult interaction and language promote social learning and make connections to new information. Baby Adam was used in an experiement to show that children need to be introduced to new words and language in order to make connections with their actions. Sociocultural Sociocultural Studies have shown that there are certain parts of the brain that regulates two important learning processes which are memory and attention. This is important because chidlren have to learn to focus there attention on social situations such as facial expressions, and they must learn to remember what they mean. (p.70 ) Inormation Processing Inormation Processing Some theorists believe that the enivornment affects how a child's brain develops. For example, microsystem influences like child abuse and and drug abuse during pregnancy can be harmful to the child's brain development. Macrosystem factors such as lack of nutrion programs for pregnant mothers and infants, and poverty also affect a child's brain developement because the child is either always under stress or does not have all the services and nutrtion it needs to develop properly. Ecological Systems Ecological Systems

Neuroscience Presentation

Transcript: Recommendations The Results Use of Brain-Based Strategies in Guided Reading Brittany Snyder EDCI 561 Areas of Strength - Implementation of closure activities - Providing time for body movement - Incorporating music, rhythm, or patterns - Increase of time spent in peer interaction The Observations - 3 thirty minute observations - Second grade classrooms - Guided reading instruction - Changing attention state - Use of visual aids, graphic organizers or imagery - Use of questioning strategies Critiques High Five Hustle - Use of closure or summarizing strategy - Provision of time for peer-to-peer interaction The Indicators Let's CLOSE This Up and Give It a Try!

Neuroscience presentation

Transcript: Elsa and Harriet Biology Neuroscience Can we use AI research instead of research on animal and human subjects to study processes in the brain? Our question Our question We chose this topic because it is an area we haven't covered in detail in this course, it is relevant in todays news and it poses interesting ethical questions and new ways of study in the scientific field. We believe this topic can be broken down by exploring two key questions... Is it possible for AI systems to develop beyond algorithms and inputted programming? Can AI think? Question 1 Is the way AI works a good enough representation to allow us to generalise to humans without needing research on human subjects? Are AI processes representative of that of the brains? Question 2 Supporting Evidence For Critical Evidence Against Analysis Analysis Source reliability Source reliability Benefits Benefits Problems Problems Conclusion Conclusion What’s next What’s next Thank you Thank you

Neuroscience Presentation

Transcript: WARD ROUND ATTENDANCE Endless struggle in establishing the rationale behind a prescription Reduce pressure on junior clinicians in the decision making process Reduced HAN bleeps for drug prescribing Extra set of hands!! Frailty unit showed many benefits 100% of Medicines Reconciled Less pressure on junior clinicians Staff survey showing positive improvement 95% of TTO's completed on ward Vs 24% of TTO's prior to audit CHALLENGES So then... What's missing? WARD BASED PHARMACY TEAM WARD ROUND ATTENDANCE Patient facing role Front line healthcare professionals Reduce waste Educate Minimise domino effect prescribing Clinical interventions AWP Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust References: RBCHFT 2012; Early Discharge Project RBH 2015; Frailty unit Pharmacy /service Project Carter Review - final report and recommendations. Available at: http://www.nhsemployers.org/news/2016/02/carter-report (Accessed May 2018) Efficient discharges Advanced practitioners OPTIMISATION OF MEDICINES (RBH, 2015) Medicines optimisation Ward based pharmacy team Outpatient clinics Zarmina Anwar Bedside education Non medical prescriber pharmacists Ward round attendance Minimise delays in patient discharge as a result of TTOs with unanswered queries not being processed Lack of recognition Highly specialised area Funding Communication between primary and secondary care I HAVE A DREAM HPTP (EPMA) systems Outsource outpatients Education and training Clinical pharmacy services Collaborative working Optimising use of medicines PHARMACY DEPT. AT NBT FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR A NEUROSCIENCES PHARMACIST IN THE NHS Core areas: Dispensary / Stores / Procurement Chemotherapy services Clinical Ward Services Clinical Trials Antimicrobial Stewardship Medicines Information Education & Training THE CARTER REVIEW

Neuroscience presentation

Transcript: (RL6SO4)3 lateral r. C6, superior o. C4, All other C3 Superior O. Superior R. Medial R. Lateral R. Inferior R. Cranial Nerves of the Eye* Specifically it's movement Inferior O. By Karen Rios Oculomotor Function Cranial Nerve 3 2 Fibre Types: motor only 1. GSE supplies 4/6 extraocular muscles - superior rectus - medial rectus - inferior rectus - inferior oblique --> Also innervates the levator palpebrae superioris ( muscle of the upper eyelid). 2. GVE; innervates the pupilary sphincter and cilliary muscles Location? MIDBRAIN Pathway: Midbrain → interpeduncular fossa → cavernous sinus → superior orbital fissure → supplies the eyes Trochlear Function Cranial Nerve 4 GSE fibres innervates 1/6 extraocular muscles; - superior oblique muscle. Pathway: Midbrain → dorsal aspect → around to ventral →cavernous sinus → superior orbital fissure → supplies the eyes Location? MIDBRAIN Abducens Function Cranial Nerve 6 GSE fibres are responsible in supplying 1/6 extraocular muscles; - lateral rectus Pathway: Motor nucleus in caudal pons → emerge medially between pons & medulla → cavernous sinus → superior orbital fissure → supplies the eyes PONS Location? note: ignore blue line (facial nerves that wrap abducens) Movement extra info on movements: leftward: -lateral rectus (left eye) - medial rectus (right eye) Rightward: - lateral rectus (right eye) - medial rectus (left eye) Rotational: superior and inferiorioblique

Neuroscience Presentation

Transcript: neu·ro·sci·ence the field of study encompassing the various scientific disciplines dealing with the structure, development, function, chemistry, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system. So, what is Neuroscience?

Neuroscience Presentation

Transcript: Discussion 15 subjects Double blind, placebo-controlled Each received 4 different experimental days separated by at least 2 weeks placebo + psilocybin ketanserin + psilocybin ketanserin + placebo placebo + placebo Correlation between the psilocybin-induced decrease in alpha power values and the subject reported intensity of hallucinations did not reach statistical significance - indicating that an alpha power decrease induced by psilocybin may not be sufficient to generate hallucinations Psilocybin Hypothesis N170 N1 P1 Alpha Waves Activation of Serotonin 2A Receptors Underlies the Psilocybin-Induced Effects onOscillations, N170 Visual-Evoked Potentials, and Visual Hallucinations Ketanserin: Antagonist High excitability levels in the absence of externally presented stimuli may have restricted the capacity of the visula system to incrase, by modulation, alpha power, the excitability for processing incoming stimuli 5-HT2A receptor activation attenuates ongoing alpha oscillation creating a dysbalance between excitability observed in absence of stimuli and excitability induced by stimuli - possible cause of hallucinations Biosynthesis Terms to know EEG Recording Action at 5-HT2A Receptor Subjects focused on central cross Stimuli randomly presented in 4 orientations. In total, 88 kansiza figures and 88 non-kansiza Push button as quickly as possible when they saw a triangle. Psilocybin treatment decreased N170 amplitudes after placebo but not ketasarin treatment Psilocybin induced N170 decreased correlated only wiht increased Visionary Restructuralization but not the other 4 scales Background Measurements Visionary Restructuralization Elementary imagery Complex imagery Audio-visual synthesia Oceanic Boundlessness Anxious Ego Auditory Alterations Reduction of Vigilance ERP Analyses N170 High parieto-occipital alpha power levels were observed with placebo conditions during the pre stimulus range, suggesting that a high level of inhibition reduced the excitability of the visual network in absence of task-relevant visual inputs. High level pre stimulus alpha power strongly attenuated by psilocybin Suggests: activation of 5-HT2A receptors increases excitability of visual network in the absence of externally presenting sitmuli N170 Psilocybe mexicana Albert Hofmann Metabolism Changes in alpha power Results 5D-ASC Chemistry 5D-ASC Scales However Visual stimulation 90 mins after treatment Self report with 5D-ASC Questionnaire 5-HT2A Mechanisms of Action P1 Synthesized from typtophan The Paper 5D-ASC treatment with psilocybin generally increased 5D-ASC scores when administered with placebo pretreatment but not after ketanserin pretreatment Triple interaction pretreatment X treatment X factor found significant relationship for Visionary Restructuralization No sub scales altered after ketanerin treatment Prestimulus alpha collapsed over -600 and -200 ms time frame. Stimulus induced alpha power collapsed into two time frames 0-200 ms, 200-400 ms Decrease in alpha power from baseline level during 200-400 ms time. Reversed by ketanserin pretreatment If pre-stimulus alpha power reduced, could this be teh cause of lack of stimulus-induced decrease? taken into consideration Design EEG readings Procedure ERP Analyses (P1) 64 Electrodes 3 parieto-occipital ROI selected for the statistical analysis of ERPs, alpha power, and phase values parietal left (P3, P5, P7, PO3, PO7) parietal medial (POz, Oz, O1, O2, Iz) parietal right (P4, P6, P8 PO4, PO8) Pharmacology Activating 5-HT2a receptors with psilocybin may modulate alpha oscillations which could lead to an altered excitability that would promote the formation of visual hallucinations. (Also, activation of 5-HT2A receptors may modulate visual cortex response to external stimuli that are indexed by visual-evoked potentials.) The unselective 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocybin increases medial P1 visual-evoked potentials. Psiolocybin induced visual hallucinations are associated with decrease N1/N170 potentials. Psilocybin decreased presitmulus alpha power - precluded subsequent stimulus induced alpha power decrease. alpha osscilations regulate excitability oevels of cortical sensory networks through inhibition. Psilocybin treatment selectively increase P1 amplitudes over emdial bu tnot lateral parieto-occipital ROIs P1 amplitudes over medial parieto-occipital ROI decreased by ketanserin pretreatment Timothy Leary

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