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Fireworks

Transcript: Dangers to the environment What could go wrong? Static electricity avoided Uses brass instruments Chemicals kept dry Factories are small (Secrest). While fireworks can be dangerous to manufacture and to use, I support their use if the proper safeguards are enforced. Safe use First made in China 2000 years ago Improved by addition of black powder Became more elaborate over time Advances in technology made brighter and more varied colors Can be manufactured safely Can be used properly Dangers of misuse Works Cited In Conclusion, Problems with Fireworks Fireworks can disturb and harm wildlife Chemicals from the fireworks can pollute the environment Chemicals deposited in soil, crops, and water This has not been studied thoroughly 2,000,000 lbs of waste are generated each year by fireworks Creates PM10 and PM2.5 pollution In the year 2009, fireworks caused 18,000 fires 8,800 injuries, mostly children $38,000,000 in property damage History of Fireworks Fireworks Today (Secrest). Fireworks are meant to explode, so it is dangerous to manufacture them Electricity is the one biggest concern Excess heat from machinery could cause an explosion Wet chemicals cannot be mixed American Pyrotechnics Association. "FIREWORKS-RELATED INJURY RATES, 1976-2007." 2007. PDF file. - - -. "U.S. Fireworks Consumption Figures 2000 – 2008." 2008. PDF file. - - -. "U.S. Fireworks Industry Revenue Figures ." 2008. PDF file. "Be Fireworks Smart Before, During and After Your Consumer Fireworks Display." N.d. PDF file. "Fireworks." Environmental Protection UK. N.p., 2012. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://www.environmental-protection.org.uk/neighbourhood-nuisance/fireworks/>. "Fireworks - Environmental Impact, Firework Pollution." National Campaign for Firework Safety. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. <http://www.angelfire.com/co3/NCFS/science/ environmentalimpact.html>. Mayntz, Melissa. "Wild Birds Fireworks Safety Tips." About.com. N.p., 2012. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://birding.about.com/od/birdconservation/a/fireworkssafety.htm>. National Fire Protection Association. "FIREWORKS." National Fire Protection Association. National Fire Protection Association, June 2011. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://www.nfpa.org/ categoryList.asp?categoryID=297&cookie_test=1>. Secrest, Rose. "How fireworks is made." madehow. N.p., 2012. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. <http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Fireworks.html>. Stanglin, Douglas. "Hundreds more birds found dead, this time in Louisiana." USATODAY. N.p., 4 Jan. 2011. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2011/01/ hundreds-more-birds-found-dead-this-time-in-louisiana/1?loc=interstitialskip#.T0Gwp_Ht_54>. U.S. Fire Administration. "The Dangers of Fireworks." Jan. 2001. File last modified on Dec. 2001. PDF file. Weise, Elizabeth. "Fireworks likely cause of massive Ark. bird kill." USA Today. USA Today, 5 Jan. 2011. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. <http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/ 2011-01-05-arkansas-dead-birds-fireworks_N.htm>. Light fireworks in an open area Soak used fireworks in water Only use fireworks where they are legal Never use homemade fireworks Always pick up after fireworks ("Be Fireworks Smart..."). (Weise). The fireworks industry has grown over the years Consumer fireworks have become more popular Display fireworks have become less popular Persuasive Stance Pyrotechnics: They're a Blast, But Should They Last? Manufacturing Images Used Dangers of manufacturing Cause fires Injure humans Harm wildlife Damage the environment Can fireworks be safe? http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100526150639/timetravel/images/thumb/0/08/Carbon-Black-Powder.jpg/300px-Carbon-Black-Powder.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fireworks_closer_view.ogv/mid-Fireworks_closer_view.ogv.jpg http://aultparksunrise.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/186_03_fireworks2_tree_4nn.jpg http://www.olatheks.org/files/fire/FireworksFire.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Magnesium_crystals.jpg/250px-Magnesium_crystals.jpg http://www.oldglorypowderco.com/DSCN1022.JPG http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2011/10/beijing-fireworks-pollution.jpg http://www.artcoinc.com/burning_brass_handtools-all.jpg http://www.oldglorypowderco.com/DSCN1573-2.JPG http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2008/10/16/article-1078108-0054614A00000258-448_233x423.jpg http://media.smashingmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/images/stunning-fireworks-photos/fireworks-photos-144.jpg

Fireworks

Transcript: Reducing agents burn the oxygen provided by the oxidzing agents to produce hot gasses. The most common reducing agents are sulfur and carbon and they react with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide. O2(g) + S(s) ----> SO2(g) O2(g) + C(s) ----> CO2(g) Regulators are added to regulate the speed of the reaction. Binders hold the mixture in a lump. This lump is a star. In order to form a star two main elements are used, dextrine dampened by water or a shellac compound dampened by alcohol. These are rolled and then cut Where do the colors come from? How do they work? POTASSIUM NITRATE CARBON What are the Compoments of Gunpowder? SULFUR The History of Fireworks fireworks are made up of an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, a coloring agent, binders and regulators. oxidizing agent produce the oxygen to burn the mixture of reducing agents and to excite the atoms of the light-emitting compounds. The most commonly used oxidizers are nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates. Nitrates are the main components of black powder and composed of nitrate ions (NO3-) with metal ions. Nitrates only give up 1/3 of their oxygen so the reaction is more controlled. 2KNO3 ----> K2O + N2 + 2.5O2 Chlorates contain chlorate ions (ClO3-) and metal ions and give up all their oxygens during a reaction making the chemicals extremely explosive and less stable than nitrates. 2KClO2 ----> 2KCl + 3O2 Perchlorates contain Perchlorate ions (ClO4-) with metal ions and they’re most commonly used because of their increased stability and oxygen release. KClO4 ----> KCl + 2O2 By: Tessa, Aileen, Sarah, Janelle Different Kinds of Fireworks FIREWORKS How are Fireworks made?

Fireworks

Transcript: Fireworks Fireworks tubes are made by rolling thick paper tightly around a former, such as a dowel. Though they can be made by hand, most firework/tube factories use machinery to manufacture tubes. Whenever tubes are used in fireworks, at least one end is always plugged with clay to keep both chemicals and burning gases from escaping through that end. The tooling is always made of non-sparking materials such as aluminum or brass. Clay is inserted into the tube and then consolidated with the rammer using a heavy object such as a mallet (or possibly a fruit cake). A sleeve is sometimes used during the ramming process to prevent the walls of the tube from splitting or bulging. This process is illustrated now. The reason we use fireworks is because it reminds us of the epic war we fought in for our freedom as a nation, our refusal to stand down and be oppressed. This is also revelent to the star spangal banner, our national anthem. "The bombs bursting in the air, gave proof though the night that our flag was still there." citation 1. Fireworks are said to have originated in ancient China. The popular story goes that a cook mixed together saltpeter, charcoal and sulphur. The mix started burning. The cook went a step further and placed it in a bamboo tube. It exploded and the first fireworks came to be. The invention of fireworks is linked to that of gunpowder since they are based in the same principles. Some say the invention took place some 2,000 years ago. Others place it at a later date in the 9th century of the Song Dynasty. There are those who believe gunpowder and fireworks were first discovered in India, but most agree it comes from China. And.... Legend has it that the Chinese made the first fireworks in the 800s, filling bamboo shoots with gunpowder and exploding them at the New Year with the hope that the sound would scare away evil spirits. According to tradition, Marco Polo brought this technology back to Europe. It's fair to say, however, that the origins of fireworks are shrouded in smoke; the China story is widespread, and possibly true, but fireworks may in fact have developed in India or the Arab world. Fireworks became known in Europe during the 1300s, probably after returning Crusaders brought them from the East. Legend has it that the Chinese made the first fireworks in the 800s, filling bamboo shoots with gunpowder and exploding them at the New Year with the hope that the sound would scare away evil spirits. According to tradition, Marco Polo brought this technology back to Europe.` It's fair to say, however, that the origins of fireworks are shrouded in smoke; the China story is widespread, and possibly true, but fireworks may in fact have developed in India or the Arab world. Fireworks became known in Europe during the 1300s, probably after returning Crusaders brought them from the East.

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