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Confined Space

Transcript: Mining, Agriculture and Construction have the most fatalities 20% result in multiple fatalities 56% Fatalities: Atmospheric 34% Fatalities: Engulfment For every fatality due to low oxygen levels, 2 non-fatal injuries occur. Tanks Vaults Pits Manholes Silos Underground Pipes Storage Bins Other similar areas Hazardous Atmospheres Low oxygen levels High inert/toxic gas levels Flammable gas Potential engulfment Exposed live wires--Electrical Heat stress Structure Walls that taper and trap employees Unguarded Machinery Must be a Confined Space One of the Following: Contains/Has a Hazardous Atmosphere Engulfment Potential Potential for Entrapment or Asphyxiation Guard the Space Isolate the Space Eliminate/Control Hazards Test Space for Atmospheric Hazards Identify Necessary Equipment Plan for Emergencies Complete and Post Entry Permit Common Types of Controlled Spaces Permit Space to be entered Purpose Date and Permit Duration Entry Conditions Authorized Personnel Hazards of the Permit Space Controls Rescue Team Info If the space has only atmospheric hazards that can be controlled, then alternate entry procedures can be used. 2010: 63 fatalities and 28 hospitalizations Statistics Permit-Required Confined Space PPE, Test Equipment info *The measured levels must be recorded on the actual permit. Types of Hazards Associated Forced Air Ventilation/Purging Double Block and Bleed Lockout Tag Out Blinding Providing Barriers Alternate Entry It is a BIG deal What is a Confined Space? Must satisfy these 3 Requirements: The employee must be able to fully enter Not designed for continuous occupancy Has limited means for entry or exit. Control Methods Permit Requirements Training Can be reclassified as a non-permit if: NO Atmospheric hazards All hazards can be eliminated Reclassification The END Confined Space Safe Entry Procedures Testing For Atmospheric Hazards I would also call this confined space! Presented by: Donika McFaul Employees entering must be trained Must Understand entry procedures Must know how to control hazards Must know what to do in an emergency Must know how to use equipment 1. Test for Oxygen 2. Test for Combustible Gases 3. Test for Toxic gases and vapors

Confined Space

Transcript: Not to be confused with “restricted space”, refers a “space from which the egress of a worker is restricted, limited, or impeded” Means a fully or partially enclosed space: a) That is not both designed and constructed for continuous human occupancy b) In which atmospheric hazards may occur because of its construction, location or contents or because of work that is done in it Is not primarily designed or intended for continuous human occupancy Can be below or above ground, found in almost any workplace Examples: Do I have a confined space in my workplace? Is the space fully or partially enclosed? Is the space not both designed and constructed for continuous human occupancy? Might an atmospheric hazard occur? and Nael Safety Precautions What are Confined Spaces? Tunnels Wells Manholes Cold storage Ship holds Subcellars Tanks By: Jason, Mario... What are the Hazards? Is working in a confined space dangerous? Vaults Open ditch Flues, chimneys, ovens or furnaces Pipes, sewers, ducts and similar structures Ditches and trenches may also be a confined space when access or egress is limited Aircraft wings, manure pits, storage bins, pump stations, digesters Culverts Silos Sources: Many workers are injured and killed each year while working; Estimated 60% of the fatalities have been among the would-be rescuers To effectively control risks associated with working; confined space hazard assessment and control program should be implemented for your workplace, make sure to review the specific regulations that apply to your workplace If the confined space cannot be made safe for the worker by taking precautions then workers should NOT enter the confined space until it is made safe to enter by additional means. All confined spaces should be considered hazardous unless a competent person has determined otherwise through a risk assessment. Offices, service rooms (such as mechanical rooms, elevator rooms), shops, walk in freezers and refrigerators, laboratories, flammable liquid storage and dispensing rooms, and rooms equipped with approved fire suppression systems This also includes trenches that are under construction and that are in compliance with the O. Reg. 213/91 (construction Projects) requirements (which cover access and egress, stability of the trench walls and adequate ventilation in the trench) Confined Space Vehicular and pedestrian traffic Shifting or collapse of material Barrier failure resulting in flood or release of re-flowing solid or liquid Visibility (e.g., smoke particle in air) Biological hazards: viruses, bacteria from fecal matter and sludge, fungi, or molds Examples of spaces that are both designed and constructed for continuous human occupancy Process-related hazards such as residual chemicals, release contents of a supply line Physical hazards: noise, heat/cold, radiation, vibration, electrical, and inadequate lighting Safety hazards: moving parts of equipment, structural hazards, engulfment, entanglement, slips, falls Vehicular and pedestrian traffic Questions to identify one Poor air quality: insufficient of oxygen for the worker to breathe Hazards from asphyxiants: Simple asphyxiants are gases which can become so concentrated that they displace oxygen in the air; nausea, vomiting, collapse, convulsions, coma and death can occur could result within minutes following exposure to a simple asphyxiant - include argon, nitrogen, or carbon monoxide Chemical exposures: skin or ingestion as well as inhalation Fire hazard: explosive/flammable atmosphere Has limited or restricted entrance or exit, that can complicate first aid, rescue, evacuation, or other emergency response activities Can represent a risk for the health and safety of anyone who enters, due to one or more of the following factors: 1. Its design, construction, location or atmosphere 2. The materials or substances in it 3. Work activities being carried out in it 4. Or mechanical, process and safety hazards present https://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/pubs/confined/cs_4.php https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/confinedspace_intro.html Control measures, such as continuous mechanical ventilation to ensure concentrations of an atmospheric hazard are controlled or maintained at an appropriate level Personal protective equipment (respirators, gloves, ear plugs) Any liquids should be removed to eliminate the risk of drowning or suffocation All pipes should be physically disconnected or isolation blanks bolted in place A barrier to prevent any liquids or free-flowing solids from entering the confined space Opening of entry into and exit from confined space large enough for person using protective equipment for passage

Confined Space

Transcript: Confined Space What are the Hazards? Asphyxiation (lack of oxygen) H2S or other toxic gases Hazardous Chemicals or other liquids Tripping hazards Eliminate the Hazards Try to do the job without entering the vessel Wash the vessel to remove the liquids Substitution Engineering Control Air movement, fresh air ventilation Administrative Safe work permit Permit to enter Safe work procedure Job rotation Hardhat Gloves Safety Glasses Rubber Suit Safety Harness/ lanyard Respirator PPE Assess for remaining hazards by continous gas monitoring

Confined Space

Transcript: Confined Space Yuyi Chen #8888 PRCS Ninja Turtle 10/30/19 Intro What is Confined Space We are HUMAN not Ninja Turtle PRCS-Permit Required Confined Space Entry Hazard Harzard Testing Atmosphere Oxygen 19.5%-23.5% Hydrogen Sulfite Propane, Mathane CO Material Configuration Testing Safety Equipment Equipment Entry Permit Case Study https://www.osha.gov/video/shipyard_accidents/04_confined_space.html Emergency Rescue and Emergency

Confined Space

Transcript: Assets Ventilation Flammability - CS is classified as hazardous if it contains more than 10% of the LEL -Natural Venilation - Most Multi-gas detectors are calibrated to Methane. - Monitors have to work hard to detect methane. This allows other gases to alarm quicker. - Methane has a Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of 5% in air. Oxygen levels: -Mechcanical Ventilation -Forced Ventilation Supplied air via ducts -Normal concentration in the atmosphere is 20.9% -Per OSHA, air containing less than 19.5% or more than 23.3% is unacceptable New MFD monitors: -Turn monitor on in fresh air to "zero" the monitor -Personnel shall use a SCBA in any unknown atmosphere or in one that exceeds a reading of 9 PPM of CO. - 1% drop in O2 = 50,000 PPM of some type of displacing gas Atmospheric monitoring should be performed throughout the entire incident. Important to know the capabilities/limitations of your monitoring equipment. 5 gas monitors read: - Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Methane, and Hydrogen Cyanide S/S of gas exposures: Methane (CH4): - slurred speech, vision problems, N/V, headache Carbon Monoxide (CO): -Headache, N/V, Dizziness Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): -Headache, Nausea, Tears, airway issues, paralysis, loss of smell, eye damage, LOC Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN): - Giddiness, N/V, dyspnea, confusion, restlessness Oxygen levels Enriched-Fire Hazard: 23.5% Typical: 20.9% Minimum level: 19.5% Impairment, dyspnea: 14% Loss of consciouness: 10% Death: 8% GX3R Pro GX 6000 Confined Space: Air Monitoring Toxicity Atmospheric testing Procedures: -Test to be sure there is an acceptable level of oxygen -Check the atmosphere’s flammability Measured in % LEL/ LFL -Test for toxicity - If the material in the space is known, use those specific monitors -If unknown, use a general monitor until the exact chemical can be narrowed down - If there are hazards present before entry, hazards must be controlled before entry Electrical - Turn off -Lock out/ tag out Hydraulic - Liquids (or fine solids) that if not secured, may cause chemical exposure and/or engulfment Mechcanical -When movements can cause harm to rescuers -Augers, Conveyor belts, gears, etc. -Lock out/ tag out to prevent sudden movements Secure & Isolate energy sources

Confined Space

Transcript: Sloughing and Engulfment Four Main Hazards THANK YOU! YES Human Factors Safety Hazards Four Main Steps To Manage A Confined Space Equipment must be readily available and maintained for confined space entry Confined Spaced Must Be Tested Prior To Entry Machinery and Traffic Around the Confined Space Tanks Atmospheric Hazards Uncontrolled Introduction of Steam, Water or other Gas or Liquid Too much or too little Oxygen? Contains flammable, combustible or explosive agents? Contains contaminants that could pose an immediate threat to life or interfere with a persons ability to escape? YES Confined spaces usually have poor natural ventilation and contain, or may contain a dangerous atmosphere Sea Can Access / Egress Points Confined Space Awareness Program Claustrophobia YES Facility Tank Farm NO NO YES Cut & Cap Soil Sampling Work Related Hazards CONFINED SPACE AWARENESS 1. Atmospheric 2. Safety 3. Work-Related 4. Human Factors Are There Conditions in the Space that Present a Potential for Injury? Hot work Use of chemicals such as paints or cleaners Sandblasting Grinding Noise Cutting Does the Space Contain a Hazardous Atmosphere? Confined spaces have a restricted access and egress Restricted Space - The use of bulky personal protective equipment (especially respirators) can also cause heat stress and fatigue. -The physical condition of workers may also be a factor in cases where there are temperature extremes or the work is physically demanding. 1. Identify the confined space 2. Develop a written confined space program 3. Conduct a hazard assessment 4. Develop safe work procedures Exercise Newalta Environmental Services personnel do not enter confined spaces. Exercise YES Residual Chemicals YES - Hydrocarbon Vapours Confined spaces are not considered sites for ongoing or regular work activities Confined Space Examples Confined Space - Explosive Gases & Vapours - Toxic Gases & Vapours - Oxygen Level Content - Fumes - Dusts - Mists - Smoke - Biological Contaminants NO NO In Short, confined spaces are: Fully or partially enclosed Not designed or constructed for continuous human occupancy Where atmospheric hazards may occur A person enters a confined space when his/her body breaks the plane of the opening Are the Walls appropriately sloped? No Is there an entrance / exit strategy? Ladder? No Soil Stability? Sand NO - Tanks are inactive and have been purged Not to be confused... A restricted space is defined “as an enclosed or partially enclosed space, not designed or intended for continuous human occupancy, that has a restricted, limited, or impeded means of entry or exit because of its construction.” In other words - a work area in which the ONLY hazard is difficult access / egress. YES - Soil Berms, concrete or secondary containment Open Excavations YES Yes - moving equipment and traffic around the excavation. Alberta OH&S Definition: “A confined space means a restricted space which may become hazardous to a worker entering it because of : (a) an atmosphere that is or may be injurious by reason of oxygen deficiency or enrichment, flammability, explosivity, or toxicity; (b) a condition or changing set of circumstances within the space that presents a potential for injury or illness; or, (c) the potential or inherent characteristics of an activity which can produce adverse or harmful consequences within the space.” A Unique Approach To Confined Space Safety Visibility Note: Records must be maintained for all entry activities. Air testing and monitoring equipment Ventilating equipment Communication equipment PPE Rescue equipment Recognition Test Pits Wall Sloping Hard and Compact Soil - Walls must be sloped within 1.5 metres of the bottom of the excavation and at an angle not less than 30 degrees. Likely to crack or crumble soil - Walls must be sloped within 1.5 metres of the bottom of the excavation and at an angle not less than 45 degrees. Soft, sandy or loose soil - Walls must be sloped from the bottom of the excavation at an angle not less than 45 degrees. Code of Practice: written procedures to eliminate or reduce hazards Planning of pre-entry procedures, entry procedures, and rescue procedures Hazard reduction through lock out, purging, ventilation Testing the atmosphere prior to entry and periodically during the work, for oxygen content and potential harmful gases or vapors Confined Space Entry Permit documents the work to be done and precautions to be taken Personal Protective Equipment Safety Attendant Record Keeping (Records posted at point of entry) Is there an activity being conducted inside or outside the space which may effect the health and safety of workers inside the space?

Confined Space

Transcript: There are many reasons why work in a confined space is more hazardous than any normal job. One of the worst hazards is entering and exiting the confined space with equipment that is needed to complete the job that is needed to be done. The first thing that should be done before entering a confined space is determine if it is actually a confined space. The next thing to consider is if the work has to be done inside the confined space or if it can be done from the outside. Before entering a confined space all potential hazards should be identified. Confined Space A confined space can be found at almost every workplace. Confined space has a entry way that is limited or restricted, and is no to be continuously be occupied. Confined spaces include crawl spaces, attics, duct work. Hazards in Confined Space References https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/confinedspace_intro.html https://rocorescue.wordpress.com/2011/11/01/confined-space-fatalitiesa-closer-look-at-the-numbers/ Confined space video There are many hazards to consider when entering a confined space which include: Electrical shock Oxygen deficiency/enrichment Flammable gases Excessive heat Noise Over 60% of fatalities in confined spaces are rescuers that try to save the original person that entered the confined space. In a five year period from 2005-2009 there was 481 fatalities. That is about 91 per year 61% of these fatalities were in construction, or repairing or cleaning activities. 62% of these fatalities were caused by physical hazards the other 38% were caused by atmospheric hazards like toxic gases, oxygen enrichment or deficiencies. There are many tests that should be done in a confined space before entering. There are tools to hep you identify risks like air quality tests to check for proper levels of oxygen and toxic or flammable gases, proper ventilation tools, and make sure that any electrical equipment is de-energized and locked out. Confined Space Preparing to enter a confined space Statistics Why is work more hazardous in a confined space? What should be done before entering a confined space?

Confined Space

Transcript: Jangan memodifikasi ruang untuk merugikan mengakses atau setuju. Therefore the only things which can exceed the speed of light are things with negative mass. physicists discovered cosmological redshift of light. (which is an optical Doppler-effect.) we have all experienced the Doppler-effect: it's the phenomenon when an ambulance passes by you with its sirens turned on. The sound you hear when it approaches is different from the one when it departs. the very heavy radio stars, whose gravitational field is so strong that even light can't escape from them. that's why they are 'invisible' The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass will deform spacetime to form a black hole. DO YOU NOW SEE THE LIGHT? C CONFINED SPACE Deadly space s Ruang tertutup mungkin telah membatasi berarti untuk masuk dan keluar (Pertama) Untuk memberikan arahan bagi kita semua dalam menilai, identifikasi dan mengendalikan suatu permasalahan disetiap “confined space” dimanapun kita berada dan beraktifitas. Nothing can reach the speed of light that is heavier than photons. 1st which states that at the very beginning, the whole universe was a single point, with extreme density and temperature, Bahaya d then it started to expand rapidly (like an explosion), and the expansion is still going on for at least 13 billion years. Resiko R =(H x V)/C n Pastikan bahwa tekanan atau gas cair tidak dibawa ke ruang tertutup kecuali untuk silinder dengan mandiri alat pernapasan. Mengidentifikasi interesting consequences Identifikasi ruang tertutup di tempat kerja dan aman untuk mencegah akses yang tidak sah oleh staf, mahasiswa, kontraktor atau sukarelawan. Kapasitas From different reference frames, there can never be agreement on the simultaneity of events. c as he travels towards the 2nd star, he actually reaches the beam from the 2nd star first. imagine that you're in an elevator with your friend so they could model the Big Bang theory PURPOSE e Desi Confined Space Einstein realized that matter and energy are interrelated and made the famous formula that expresses this relationship mathematically: i imagine your friend now flying with his spaceship Ruang tertutup yang mungkin memiliki kontaminan atmosfer atau tingkat oksigen yang tidak aman he explained the same phenomenon with another theory: but what he sees from the inside, Ruang sempit sering terisolasi yang dapat membuat komunikasi sulit. Mungkin juga ada risiko yang terkait dengan menyelamatkan seseorang dari ruang tertutup. n but from an other point of view, you're the ones who actually move and you see that they reach you at exactly the same time so he will think that the 2nd star exploded first. as you know, the light beams from both exploding stars travel with the same speed, Intinya This is a fundamental result of special relativity: Ruang Tertutup yang dapat menyebabkan terperosok karena (runtuh misalnya, asap, perendaman, kebakaran)dapat menyebabkan terperosok karena (runtuh misalnya, asap, perendaman, kebakaran) this is something that never changes. this was the state of singularity, where the number of dimensions are infinite. There was no space and no time. they realized that stars out of our galaxy all suffer redshift, therefore they get further and further from us. so these are the miraculous rules of our universe Following this logic we can easily admit that everything is relative. Proses Presentasi sepwerti apa??..... Kewajiban Manager Mengenali Ruang tertutup atau sebagian tertutup yang pada tekanan atmosfer selama hunian dan tidak dimaksudkan atau dirancang terutama sebagai tempat kerja exactly when he's half-way between two twin stars, except the speed of light. Einstein tells us that both are correct, within their own frame of reference. suddenly the stars explode in exactly the same time Jangan biarkan karyawan untuk memasuki ruang terbatas yang telah dinilai tinggi atau mempunyai risiko Extreme oleh orang yang kompeten. Confined Space Mengendalikan Permasalahn Nanda Junaidi what you see is that the world around you is moving o The speed of light is a constant. Light consists of photons, the particles whose mass is 0. Kerentanan (dalam penanganan confined space) Hal yang harus dilakukan manajer ... is quite different. p but what is relativity? Lino Meris Rahmanto with your binoculars Apa itu 3P?? with Einstein's theory, scientists also discovered black holes 2nd Apakah ruang ulang untuk risiko jika hal itu diubah. PROSES light also travels in time. so if we look at the stars, we can only see the past. 3P Pastikan bahwa pelatihan persyaratan untuk masuk ke dalam ruang terbatas dipenuhi f Confined Space and yourself watching him Prosesnya : 1. Metode Ceramah 2. Penyajian contoh (video, gambar) and then came Einstein. who's right?

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